If the behaviours are socially constructed, or innate behaviours giveing security in times of stress has been debated and studied.
2.
By behaviour, he means the total movements made by the intact animal; innate behaviour is that which is not changed by the learning process.
3.
Many of the feats of common ravens were formerly argued to be stereotyped innate behaviour, but it now has been established that their aptitudes for solving problems individually and learning from each other reflect a flexible capacity for intelligent insight unusual among non-human animals.
4.
An animal is in a good state of welfare if ( as indicated by scientific evidence ) it is healthy, comfortable, well nourished, safe, able to express innate behaviour, and if it is not suffering from unpleasant states such as pain, fear, and distress.
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